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Post-Congress Tour Mongolia tour Route: By car starting from Ulaanbaatar to Ogii Nuur soumSoum, Ikh Tamir Soum, Dahur Mongolia and Middle Khalkh steppe pastures where the monument complex of Tureg will be seen. We will then travel to Elsen Tasarkhai sand dunes and to the Khustai National Park which contains wild horses and abandoned cropland; and then return back to Ulaanbaatar, where you can enjoy the naadam opening ceremony. Cost: $US 1050 per person, covering the expense of food, accommodation, transportation and air travel from Hohhot to Ulaanbaatar; $US 80 per person from Beijing to Hohhot and $US 380 per person from Ulaanbaatar to Beijing.
INFORMATION ABOUT SITES (PLACES) TO BE VISITED DURING Snack and could water provided during your journey. Mongolia 6th July, 2008 Introduction on specifics of Mongolian pastoral animal husbandry, current state and productivity of pastureland, government policy will be made by Minister of Food and Agriculture, and officials from Mongolian Rangeland Management Society, Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Green Gold programme. Welcoming dinner 7th July, 2008 Abandoned cropland. Since 1960, the land cultivation movement has started in Mongolia. As a result of this, 1.200.000 hectares of land have been cultivated. 47 state farms, 13 fodder farms and 130 cooperatives have been engaged in agriculture by 1990. These farms have provided not only internal needs of flour but, also have exported barley and potatoes. With a transition to market economy, privatization of large state farms, incompetent financial capacities of small private farms, global warming and dryness more than 800.000 hectares of cropland have became abandoned and agricultural husbandry has faced a failure. The natural restoration of abandoned cropland is slow, in northern part of forest-steppe zones, where moisture is high it takes 5 or more years and in steppe zones 10 or more years is needed. The cropland that we are seeing now has been abandoned since 2001. After 7 years it has passed its Artemisia period and coming to couch grass (ryzhone) period. Besides couch grass Stipa Krilovia nd Cleistogenes squarrosa becomes dominant. The restoration issue will be introduced on another field. Second stop. Bulgan province Dashinchilen sub province, Khar bukh or Tsogt khuntaij ruins Mongolia is rich with historical monuments of tribes and kingdoms settled down in Central Asia. A kingdom of Kidan is one of the powerful empires ruled in the region between 9-10th century. Many ruins of ancient Kidan towns have been discovered in Mongolia. Around 911 AD, there were 5 cities, 6 towns and 150 castles and strongholds. Kidan history says “West northern part is well set up and 5 cities founded”. The ruin that we are seeing now must have been one of them. Third stop. Bulgan province Dashinchilen sub district territory, southern part of Mogod mountain range. Pasture is highly degraded due to overgrazing by high concentration of livestock. It is considered as pastureland of Mongolia has kept its virgin shape up till recent years. But, during last years, as a result of global warming and dryness, extensive migration related to transition to market economy and defecting traditions of livestock husbandry, more than 70% of entire pastureland have been degraded at some extend. The grass plays a dominant role in pastureland of Mongolia and forbs are sub dominant. When pasture degrades, a role of grass in vegetation decreases, plants become shorter, soil turns bare and sage grass that is not favorably eaten by livestock dominates. A distorted structure of having no responsibility for degrading pastureland and pastureland used as commonly used area has been set during last years. According to Mongolian traditions pasture has been protected by herders themselves and regulated by unwritten law. As “Mongolian Secret History”, written in XIII century, noted that by decree of Uguudei Khan 1 man out of thousand was nominated as pasture regulator, pasture has been divided and possessed and there was a special service responsible for pasture issue and evaluation of pasture quality and state. This fact tells that Mongolia have had a land management service established for more than 700 years and has got special way of doing nature and ecology conservation. Unfortunately, this tradition is defecting gradually. Mongolian pastureland’s plant cover is very fragile or easy to be degraded and if degraded it is difficult to rehabilitate it. It is proven by research and field trails that, in Gobi and Steppe regions, rehabilitation is practically impossible. In order to conserve pastureland; Pasture’s carrying capacity never to exceed Pasture’s fodder resources never emptied out Allow regeneration period for pasture plants after grazing Pasture has to be always rotationally used. According to Mongolian herders pasture use traditions these 4 major principles or Golden rule of pasture utilization is essential to be followed. Fourth stop. 8th July, 2008. 9th July, 2008. At Ikhtamir sub district. A high mountain’s pasture monitoring field, fenced hay making area and pasture will be seen. Mongolian pastures main types, specifics of vegetation, yield accumulation and storage regime Ways of improving pasture and hay making area At sub district centre traditional technologies of milked product making, felt and hide processing will be demonstrated. Local “Three man games” or “Naadam” will be seen, after which overnight stay in Tsetserleg town. 10th July, 2008. 11th July, 2008 12th July, 2008
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2008 IGC/IRC Secretariat Institute of Grassland Science
China Agricultural University
2 Yuan MingYuan Xilu,
Haidian, Beijing, 100094
P.R.China
Tel： +86 10 62731666Fax： +86 10 62732799
Email:secretariat2008@hotmail.com secretariat2008@yahoo.com.cn